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Now on with the show tales from history with allland in this segment
I'm going to share with you
Some of the most exciting terrible fascinating and funny stories from history so sit back relax and come with me to a time long long ago
Today we're talking about alan chewing
A brilliant mathematician
A wartime hero and a father of modern computing
If you've ever wondered how we crack secret codes in world war two
Or where the idea of artificial intelligence came from this episde is for you
We'll keep things exciting with stoies of spies
Machines and big ideas
Let's get started
Alan chewin was born in one thousand nine hundred and twelve in london
England
From a young age
He was fascinated by science and puzzles as a boy
He loved reading books about how things work the way plants grow or machines operate
He went to top schools
Including camrdge university way ststudy mathematics
But chewing wasn't just good with numbers
He was a genius at thinking about how to solve impossible problems in the nineteen hundred and thirties
Chewing came up with an idea that would change everything
The chewing machine imagine a simple device that could follow instructions to solve any mass problem
Step by step
It was like a blueprint for the computers
We use today
Jewin showed that some problems can't be solved by machines
No matter how smart they are
This was a huge thing for the world of computing
But his biggest challenge was still ahead
When world war two started in nineteen thirty
Thirty brbritain needed help against nancy
Germany
The gers used the machine called ignnigma to send secret messages
Anigma looked like a typewriter with spinning voters
That scramble letters in billions of ways
Now this was a very very complicated machine and the settings changed every day
Making it seem unbreacable
This code could never be broken
They could never understand the codes that would be incent german u boats or submarines in atlantic
Used it to attack allied ships
Thinking
Supplies
Food
Weapons and starving britain
Now this was a huge problem
Britain is a very small island
There was not enough food
There was not enough supplies
So if the ships couldn't arrive in the uk
Then the war was lost
Jwing had already been working part time for the british government's code and cypher school on the fourth september nineteen
Nineteen thirty
Nine
The day after britain declared war
He arrived a bleterly park
A big country house
Turned into a top secret co breaking center
It was full of hearts
Where hundreds of clever people included mathematicians
Lingusts and chess players worked around the clock chewn led hot eight
The team focused on crackinnia naival in nigma
Which was even harder
Because the navy used more voters and stricter procedures
They built on earlier work from polish code brekers in nineteen thirty two
A polish mathematician had first broken in nicgma
Using mass and patterns
The messages just before the war in july nineteen
Nineteen thirty nine
The polls share their secrets with the british and french including replica in nicgma machines
This gave you in a headststm
But the germans kept improving it
The challenge was huge each edigmua message started with a key three letters repeated to set the voters
Now the voters were turning around in the machine
But with plug boards adding extra swaps
There were trilons ons possibiliilijjinteam am used crips
Educated guesses
About what the message might say like common phrases in weather reports
Or they might use the german word for weather reports based on the time
That they sent the message
They looked for loops in the code
Where letters connected in chains
Chilirn designed a machine called the bomb not explosive
But a clever electtro mechanical device with dozens of spinning drums that mimit and igmas bvoters they called it a bomb
Because it sounded like a bomb ticking as it went around
It could test thousof the settings per minute stopping
When it found a match that avoided impossible contradictions like a letter encrypting to itself
Now this was one fatal floor in a nigma machine
Because a nigma would never use the same letter for itself
So that removed lots of possibilities
His colleague
Gordon washmen added a diagonal board
That made it even faster and more efficient
The first bomb arrived in march nineteen
Forty and soon they had over two hundred running one rilling breakthrough came in may one thousand nine and forty when cracked their first naval message
But it wasn't always smooth in one thousand nine and forty two
The german added a footh fvoto to iival with nigma blacking out descriptions for months
Chewing and his team held by captured coo books from sunk u boats like you one one zero and you five five nine fall back
And adapted the bombs working obblechdly was intents long hours in cold huts secrecy that meant no one could ever talk about it even to family jerin cycle to work
Sometimes we're in a gas mask to fight
Hay fever the cold rakers play chess and sold croross words to stay sharp their success part of the ulcha intelligence program
Let the allies regerm on plans
It helped win the battle will be atlantic by dodging avoiding u boats protecting convoys of ships and even missled the enemy before d day
When american
British and canadian soldiers first started to liberate france in june one thousand and forty four sometimes to protect the secret
They even had to let attacks happen on their ships
Even know that they knew about what was happening
Because they did not want the germs to know they had cracked the code
But historians now say it shorten the war by up to two years and alan chewan and his team saved millions of lines
Jwn became a hero
But it was all top secret
He couldn't tell anyone and only a few people knew about what alan cheran had actually done after the warjown turned to new frontiers in one one thousand nine hundred and fifty
He wrote a famous paper called computing machinery and intelligence
He asked can machines think to explore this
He propose what we now call the cheer in test a way to judge
If a machine shows intelligent behavior like a human
Here's how it works imagine a game
Where human judge talks to two hidden players through text
One is a real person
Any other is a machine
The judge asks questions and gets answers
But doesn't know who is who
If the machine can fall the judge into thinking
It's the human at least thirty percent of the time jewn suggested this is a benchmark
Then we might say the machine is thinking or sharing intelligence
June didn't claim this proved machines has real thoughts or feelings
He was more interested in whether they could imitate huhuconconversations
So well We
We couldn't the difference
He predicted by the year two thousand computers ters would passes test
Easily
He even discussed obobjections like the idea that machines can't be creative or have emotions be argued the humans arm perfect eiver and machines could learn from experience
This test has been criticised over the years
Some say it's too focused on deception rather than true understanding
And it doesn't test deeper intelligence like problems solving or empathy
Others point out that modern ai like chapbots can pass simple versions
But still make silly mistakes despite this the true intetest spark huge debates and research in ai influenceverything from from video games to virtual assistance
This was birth
Birth artificial inteintelgence ence ai cheerin dreamed of computers that could learn and create like composing music or playing chess
He even built one of the first computers called the manchester mark one and programmed it to make musical notes
Today ai is everywhere in your phones
Voice assistant or self driving cars and ai models
Such as chat gpt have actually passed the true intest and all of this started with turen's bold questions
But chuwren's life wasn't all triumphs
He faced personal struggles in one thousand hundred and fifty two
He was arrested for being gay
Which was illegal in britain back
Then he lost his security clearance and suffered harsh treatment including chemical castration
Which meant that he could no longer have sexual feelings sadly in one thousand hundred and fifty four jwn died at age forty one
Likely by suicide
It was a tragic end for such a brilliant mind in two thousand and nine
The british government apologized and in two thousand and thirteen
Queen elizbeth of the second pardened him saying that he did not commit a crime
Now he celebrated worldwide with awards and films in his honor
So what can we learn from alntuerin
He showed us that curiosity
Logic and teamwork can crack the toughest ats and spart new worles like ai
Next time you use a computer or ask syria question
Think of him
Enjoy me next time for some more amazing stories by for now
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